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bell hooks 的男性釋放及新男性主義的觀點

The first act of violence that patriarchy demands of males is not violence toward women. Instead patriarchy demands of all males that they engage in acts of psychic self-mutilation, that they kill off the emotional parts of themselves. If an individual is not successful in emotionally crippling himself, he can count on patriarchal men to enact rituals of power that will assault his self-esteem.

父權要求男性實施的第一個暴力行為,並非針對女性,而是要求所有男性,在精神上的自殘,扼殺自身情感。如果他無法扼殺自己的情感,其他父權體制內的男性則會透過權力儀式去摧折他的自尊、扼殺其情感。

– The Will To Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love, 2004

bell hooks 於其著作 The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love(2004)討論父權結構如何影響男性的內在情感世界,並強調男性自我釋放與性別正義的關聯。

hooks 指出,父權(patriarchy)作為社會結構,透過男性社會化(male socialization)將特定的陽剛氣質,內化到男性之中,包括情感壓抑、支配慾望、暴力內化與關係疏離。這樣的社會化過程,要求男性切斷與情感經驗的連結,進行精神上的自我殘害,以符合父權對男性的期待,但同時陽剛氣質對內在情感世界的壓抑,亦令男性難以與他人建立情感連結。

書籍: 

bell hooks- The Will To Change Men, Masculinity, And Love